Pregnancy Loss

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What is Pregnancy Loss?

Pregnancy loss, also known as miscarriage or stillbirth depending on the timing, is the unexpected end of a pregnancy before the baby is born. It can be emotionally and physically challenging for the mother, her partner and the family. Although many people experience pregnancy loss, it is not always openly discussed, and the medical cause is not always clear.

Pregnancy loss may occur in early or late pregnancy and often brings overwhelming emotions such as grief, confusion and self-doubt. During this time, compassionate support and proper medical guidance are essential to help the family cope, heal and understand the next steps.

Types of Pregnancy Loss

Miscarriage

Occurs before 20 weeks of pregnancy, most commonly in the first trimester. Many miscarriages are caused by chromosomal abnormalities.

Ectopic pregnancy

The embryo implants outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube. This is a medical emergency and cannot result in a viable pregnancy.

Molar pregnancy

A rare condition caused by abnormal fertilisation, leading to the growth of abnormal tissue instead of a developing embryo.

Stillbirth

Loss of a baby after 20 weeks of pregnancy, either during pregnancy or at the time of delivery.

Causes of Pregnancy Loss

• Chromosomal abnormalities
• Hormonal imbalances
• Uterine or cervical structural issues
• Infections or chronic medical conditions
• Lifestyle or environmental risk factors such as smoking, alcohol, drug use or exposure to toxins

 

How Pregnancy Loss Is Diagnosed

Ultrasound examination
Used to evaluate whether the pregnancy is developing normally and whether the fetal heartbeat is present.

Blood and hormonal tests
Monitoring hCG levels and other hormone markers helps in understanding pregnancy development and viability.

 

Coping Emotionally After Pregnancy Loss

The emotional impact of pregnancy loss is significant and valid. Feelings of grief, sadness, anger, guilt and confusion are common. Speaking openly with a partner, trusted friend or support group can be helpful. If the emotional distress becomes overwhelming or persistent, professional counselling for grief or perinatal mental health support is recommended.

Treatment and Medical Care After Pregnancy Loss

Natural passing

In many cases the body expels pregnancy tissue naturally. Doctors monitor to ensure complete recovery.

Medical management

Medications such as misoprostol may be used for faster completion of the miscarriage process.

Surgical care

Procedures like dilation and curettage (D&C) may be recommended for safety or complete resolution.

Follow-up care

Post-loss evaluations and testing may be suggested before attempting pregnancy again, especially in cases of repeated losses.

Role of the Gynaecologist

A gynaecologist provides both medical treatment and emotional support. They ensure safe recovery, address the physical aspects of pregnancy loss and guide the patient on future pregnancies. For individuals with recurrent loss, personalised diagnostic and treatment plans are essential.

Frequently Asked Questions

A- Around 10–20% of known pregnancies end in miscarriage, most often in the first trimester.

A: Not always. Many causes are beyond control, though maintaining a healthy lifestyle and regular medical supervision can support pregnancy health.

 

A: Seek medical help immediately if you experience heavy bleeding, severe pain, or fever.

A: Yes. Many women go on to have successful pregnancies afterward. Your doctor can guide you on when it’s safe to try again.

A: Normal stress is unlikely to cause miscarriage. Only extreme or prolonged stress may affect overall health, but it is rarely the direct cause.